Serial number
Disnews exposure binary (Wave 1)
Disnews exposure 1 (Wave 1): Riots and sexual assaults at a funfair in Schorndorf caused by migrants
Disnews exposure 2 (Wave 1): Severely injured policeman at G-20 Summit in Hamburg
Disnews exposure 3 (Wave 1): African refugees are secretly brought over the Brenner Pass
Disnews exposure 4 (Wave 1): European Union is going to abolish cash money
Disnews exposure 5 (Wave 1): Authorities confiscate apartments in Hamburg to accommodate migrants
Disnews exposure 6 (Wave 1): Refugees from Arabia cause hepatitis A epidemic
True news exposure 1 (Wave 1): Islamism and anti-Semitism have grown among pupils in Berlin
True news exposure 2 (Wave 1): Every second unemployed in Germany has a migrant background
True news exposure 3 (Wave 1): A third of the German population holds populist views
True news exposure 4 (Wave 1): Martin Schulz (SPD): "Leftist views and propensity towards violence are mutually exclusive"
Placebo news recall 1 (Wave 1): Police thwarts terror plot planned by left-wing extremists and Salafists
Placebo news recall 2 (Wave 1): Polling institute has manipulated the polls to camouflage high percentages for the AfD
Placebo news recall 3 (Wave 1): Right to vote will only be attatched to a registered residence in Germany
Placebo news recall 4 (Wave 1): Asylum seekers will be permitted to choose their residence themselves
Disnews believability Wave 1 (sum score)
Disnews believability 1 (Wave 1): Riots and sexual assaults at a funfair in Schorndorf caused by migrants
Disnews believability 2 (Wave 1): Severely injured policeman at G-20 Summit in Hamburg
Disnews believability 3 (Wave 1): African refugees are secretly brought over the Brenner Pass
Disnews believability 4 (Wave 1): European Union is going to abolish cash money
Disnews believability 5 (Wave 1): Authorities confiscate apartments in Hamburg to accommodate migrants
Disnews believability 6 (Wave 1): Refugees from Arabia cause hepatitis A epidemic
True news believability Wave 1 (sum score)
True news believability 1 (Wave 1): Islamism and anti-Semitism have grown among pupils in Berlin
True news believability 2 (Wave 1): Every second unemployed in Germany has a migrant background
True news believability 3 (Wave 1): A third of the German population holds populist views
True news believability 4 (Wave 1): Martin Schulz (SPD): "Leftist views and propensity towards violence are mutually exclusive"
Placebo news believability Wave 1 (sum score)
Placebo news believability 1 (Wave 1): Police thwarts terror plot planned by left-wing extremists and Salafists
Placebo news believability 2 (Wave 1): Polling institute has manipulated the polls to camouflage high percentages for the AfD
Placebo news believability 3 (Wave 1): Right to vote will only be attatched to a registered residence in Germany
Placebo news believability 4 (Wave 1): Asylum seekers will be permitted to choose their residence themselves
News media trust 1 (Wave 1): News media pay enough attention to important political topics
News media trust 2 (Wave 1): News media address the essential points of political topics
News media trust 3 (Wave 1): Information in the reporting would be verifiable if examined
News media trust 4 (Wave 1): Journalist’s opinions are well-founded
Political trust 1 (Wave 1): Important issues are on top of the political agenda
Political trust 2 (Wave 1): Parties and politicians search for appropriate solutions for social problems
Political trust 3 (Wave 1): One can rely on politics to make the right decisions
Political trust 4 (Wave 1): Political decisions are not implemented properly afterwards
Voting intention (Wave 1)
Voting intention (Wave 1) recoded
Voting intention (Wave 1) base: CDU/CSU
Voting intention (Wave 1): CDU/CSU
Voting intention (Wave 1): SPD
Voting intention (Wave 1): Opposition
Voting intention (Wave 1): AfD
Voting intention (Wave 1): undecided
Disnews exposure binary (Wave 2)
Disnews exposure 1 (Wave 2): Father of Martin Schultz was commander of the concentration camp Mauthausen
Disnews exposure 2 (Wave 2): Merkel administration hopes for an immigration of 12 million migrants until the year 2060
Disnews exposure 3 (Wave 2): Asylee won a million jackpot and still draws unemployment benefits in Germany
Disnews exposure 4 (Wave 2): Coupons are distributed which allow male refugees to visit a brothel for free
Disnews exposure 5 (Wave 2): Interior minister of North Rhine-Westfalia instructs the police not to pursue criminal offenses commited by migrants
Disnews exposure 6 (Wave 2): CDU campaign slogan was also used by the former State party of East Germany
True news exposure 1 (Wave 2): Assassin from Hamburg was a migrant who should already have been deported from Germany in 2015
True news exposure 2 (Wave 2): European Court of Human Rights stops the deportation of a potential Islamist terrorist
True news exposure 3 (Wave 2): Minister-President Weil coordinated his statement on the emissions scandal with Volkswagen
True news exposure 4 (Wave 2): Public authorities expect the amount of illegal entries by asylum seekers to increase
True news exposure 5 (Wave 2): Angela Merkel supports the suggestion of the UN to receive more refugees in the EU
True news exposure 6 (Wave 2): German Chancellery heavily impinged on the setting of the TV debate
Placebo news recall 1 (Wave 2): Angela Merkel condoned the emission scandal until its disclosure
Placebo news recall 2 (Wave 2): Green Party postulates stopping all the deportations of migrants and refugees
Placebo news recall 3 (Wave 2): Five sages of economy speak for a German euro exit
Placebo news recall 4 (Wave 2): Federal Office for immigration and refugees approved thousands of asylum applications because of overloading
Placebo news recall 5 (Wave 2): Consumption of eggs tainted with “Fipronil” increases the cancer risk much more than public health authorities claim
Disnews believability Wave 2 (sum score)
Disnews believability 1 (Wave 2): Father of Martin Schultz was commander of the concentration camp Mauthausen
Disnews believability 2 (Wave 2): Merkel administration hopes for an immigration of 12 million migrants until the year 2060
Disnews believability 3 (Wave 2): Asylee won a million jackpot and still draws unemployment benefits in Germany
Disnews believability 4 (Wave 2): Coupons are distributed which allow male refugees to visit a brothel for free
Disnews believability 5 (Wave 2): Interior minister of North Rhine-Westfalia instructs the police not to pursue criminal offenses commited by migrants
Disnews believability 6 (Wave 2): CDU campaign slogan was also used by the former State party of East Germany
True news believability Wave 2 (sum score)
True news believability 1 (Wave 2): Assassin from Hamburg was a migrant who should already have been deported from Germany in 2015
True news believability 2 (Wave 2): European Court of Human Rights stops the deportation of a potential Islamist terrorist
True news believability 3 (Wave 2): Minister-President Weil coordinated his statement on the emissions scandal with Volkswagen
True news believability 4 (Wave 2): Public authorities expect the amount of illegal entries by asylum seekers to increase
True news believability 5 (Wave 2): Angela Merkel supports the suggestion of the UN to receive more refugees in the EU
True news believability 6 (Wave 2): German Chancellery severely impinged on the setting of the TV debate
Placebo news believability Wave 2 (sum score)
Placebo news believability 1 (Wave 2): Angela Merkel condoned the emission scandal until its disclosure
Placebo news believability 2 (Wave 2): Green Party postulates stopping all the deportations of migrants and refugees
Placebo news believability 3 (Wave 2): Five sages of economy speak for a German euro exit
Placebo news believability 4 (Wave 2): Federal Office for immigration and refugees approved thousands of asylum applications because of overloading
Placebo news believability 5 (Wave 2): Consumption of eggs tainted with “Fipronil” increases the cancer risk much more than public health authorities claim
News media trust 1 (Wave 2): News media pay enough attention to important political topics
News media trust 2 (Wave 2): News media address the essential points of political topics
News media trust 3 (Wave 2): Information in the reporting would be verifiable if examined
News media trust 4 (Wave 2): Journalist’s opinions are well-founded
Political trust 1 (Wave 2): Important issues are on top of the political agenda
Political trust 2 (Wave 2): Parties and politicians search for appropriate solutions for social problems
Political trust 3 (Wave 2): Right to vote will only be attatched to a registered residence in Germany
Political trust 4 (Wave 2): Political decisions are not implemented properly afterwards
Disnews exposure binary (Wave 3)
Disnews exposure 1 (Wave 3): Merkel administration instructed the ZDF not to report negatively about refugees
Disnews exposure 2 (Wave 3): Web portal wants to enable migrants, who are not eligible to vote, to participate in the German parliamentary elections
Disnews exposure 3 (Wave 3): Ballot papers from voters of the AfD are marked by a cut-off or punched corner
Disnews exposure 4 (Wave 3): Claudia Roth (Green party): “Women wearing a headscarf are mostly smarter than women not wearing one.”
Disnews exposure 5 (Wave 3): Yasmin Fahimi (SPD): “The Islam is German.”
Disnews exposure 6 (Wave 3): Mayor of Bautzen announces that the construction of a grand mosque is going to start next year
Disnews exposure 7 (Wave 3): Asylum seekers are entitled to receive more free medical care than usual public health patients
True news exposure 1 (Wave 3): European Court of Human Rights decides that Hungary and Slovakia must receive refugees against their will
True news exposure 2 (Wave 3): German authorities know about a possible manipulation of the parliamentary election
True news exposure 3 (Wave 3): ISIS attained 11,000 blank passports to infiltrate Germany with terrorists.
True news exposure 4 (Wave 3): The Bundestag edits every third Wikipedia article about representatives to erase critical notes
True news exposure 5 (Wave 3): Only half of the refugees who participate in an official integration course complete it successfully
True news exposure 6 (Wave 3): CDU runs a Turkish campaign to canvass voters of Turkish origin by promising them a raise of child benefit
Placebo news recall 1 (Wave 3): Party leaders of CDU/CSU, FDP, and the Green party have already unofficially agreed upon a Jamaica-Coalition before the federal election.
Placebo news recall 2 (Wave 3): Federal Minister of Justice demands a modification of the parliament’s standing orders to restrict the free speech of AfD delegates
Placebo news recall 3 (Wave 3): European Commission President wants to exclude all states from the European Union which do not implement the euro as their currency
Placebo news recall 4 (Wave 3): Since the suspension of the family reunion for refuges, the number of sexual offenses in Germany committed by migrants has risen
Placebo news recall 5 (Wave 3): Berlin uses money from the inter-state fiscal adjustment to grant arriving asylum seekers some welcome money
Disnews believability Wave 3 (sum score)
Disnews believability 1 (Wave 3): Merkel administration instructed the ZDF not to report negatively about refugees
Disnews believability 2 (Wave 3): Web portal wants to enable migrants, who are not eligible to vote, to participate in the German parliamentary elections
Disnews believability 3 (Wave 3): Ballot papers from voters of the AfD are marked by a cut-off or punched corner
Disnews believability 4 (Wave 3): Claudia Roth (Green party): “Women wearing a headscarf are mostly smarter than women not wearing one.”
Disnews believability 5 (Wave 3): Yasmin Fahimi (SPD): “The Islam is German.”
Disnews believability 6 (Wave 3): Mayor of Bautzen announces that the construction of a grand mosque is going to start next year
Disnews believability 7 (Wave 3): Asylum seekers are entitled to receive more free medical care than usual public health patients
True news believability Wave 3 (sum score)
True news believability 1 (Wave 3): European Court of Human Rights decides that Hungary and Slovakia must receive refugees against their will
True news believability 2 (Wave 3): German authorities know about a possible manipulation of the parliamentary election
True news believability 3 (Wave 3): ISIS attained 11,000 blank passports to infiltrate Germany with terrorists.
True news believability 4 (Wave 3): The Bundestag edits every third Wikipedia article about representatives to erase critical notes
True news believability 5 (Wave 3): Only half of the refugees who participate in an official integration course complete it successfully
True news believability 6 (Wave 3): CDU runs a Turkish campaign to canvass voters of Turkish origin by promising them a raise of child benefit
Placebo news believability Wave 3 (sum score)
Placebo news believability 1 (Wave 3): Party leaders of CDU/CSU, FDP, and the Green party have already unofficially agreed upon a Jamaica-Coalition before the federal election.
Placebo news believability 2 (Wave 3): Federal Minister of Justice demands a modification of the parliament’s standing orders to restrict the free speech of AfD delegates
Placebo news believability 3 (Wave 3): European Commission President wants to exclude all states from the European Union which do not implement the euro as their currency
Placebo news believability 4 (Wave 3): Since the suspension of the family reunion for refuges, the number of sexual offenses in Germany committed by migrants has risen
Placebo news believability 5 (Wave 3): Berlin uses money from the inter-state fiscal adjustment to grant arriving asylum seekers some welcome money
News media trust 1 (Wave 3): News media pay enough attention to important political topics
News media trust 2 (Wave 3): News media address the essential points of political topics
News media trust 3 (Wave 3): Information in the reporting would be verifiable if examined
News media trust 4 (Wave 3): Journalist’s opinions are well-founded
Political trust 1 (Wave 3): Important issues are on top of the political agenda
Political trust 2 (Wave 3): Parties and politicians search for appropriate solutions for social problems
Political trust 3 (Wave 3): Right to vote will only be attatched to a registered residence in Germany
Political trust 4 (Wave 3): Political decisions are not implemented properly afterwards
Vote choice (Wave 3)
Vote choice (Wave 3) recoded
Vote choice (Wave 3) base: Union
Disnews believability (all waves)
Disnews exposure frequency (all waves)
Disnews exposure percentage (all waves)
Disnews exposure binary (all waves)
True news believability (all waves)
True news exposure frequency (all waves)
True news exposure percentage (all waves)
True news exposure binary (all waves)
Placebo news believability (all waves)
Placebo news recall frequency (all waves)
Placebo news recall average (all waves)
Placebo news recall binary (all waves)
Gender
Year of birth
Age in 2017
Age groups
Education
Education groups
Federal state
West (0) vs. East (1)
Political ideology
Social media news use (sum score)
Social media news use 1: Read news or headlines about political issues in social media
Social media news use 2: Click on a link to news about political issues in social media
Social media news use 3: Receive news about political issues in social media
Traditional news media use (sum score)
Traditional news media use 1: Watch news about political issues on television
Traditional news media use 2: Hear news about political issues on the radio
Traditional news media use 3: Read news about political issues in a printed newspaper or a magazine
Traditional news media use 4: Read news about political issues on websites of the “classic” news media
News media literacy (sum score)
News media literacy 1: Difficult to say which topics of news coverage are really important
News media literacy 2: Overwhelmed by all the many information about a certain topic
News media literacy 3: Know how to validate news information
News media literacy 3 (recoded): Know how to validate news information