Variable,Description
id,unique id of participant
sample,id of sample of participants (1 = Sample 1a; 2 = Sample 1b; 3 = Sample 2a; 4 = Sample 2b; 5 = Sample 3a; 6 = Sample 3b; 101 = Preliminary Sample 1; 102 = Preliminary Sample 2; 103 = Preliminary Sample 3)
sex,sex of participant (0 = male; 1 = female)
age,age of participant in years
ethnical_background,ethnical background of participant (1 = Caucasian; 2 = African-American; 3 = Asian; 4 = Hispanic; 5 = Other)
participation_duration,duration of participation in seconds
bigfive_incomplete,Big Five items were not (fully) completed (0 = does not apply; 1 = applies)
external_predictors_incomplete,items of the three external predictors in Samples 3a-b were not (fully) completed (0 = does not apply; 1 = applies)
double_participation,participant started to complete the minimal norm paradigm multiple times (0 = does not apply; 1 = applies)
instruction_check_item_part2,instruction check item for the second part of the minimal norm paradigm (0 = item was not included in the experiment; 1 = correct answer; 2 = wrong answer)
not_followed_instructions,participant indicated a learning strategy that opposed the instructions (0 = does not apply; 1 = applies)
recall_correct_total,total number of correctly recalled sociocultural norms
recall_correct_characters,number of correctly recalled sociocultural norms for pairs of Chinese characters
recall_correct_values,number of correctly recalled sociocultural norms for pairs of social values
recall_correct_other,number of correctly recalled sociocultural norms for pairs other than Chinese characters and social valus in Preliminary Samples 1-3
chinese_characters_known,Did participant know the meaning of any Chinese character they were shown? (0 = item was not completed; 1 = Yes; 2 = No)
participated_seriously,Did participant seriously participate in this study? (0 = item was not completed; 1 = Yes; 2 = No)
not_use_data,Did participant report a sensible reason for why we should not enter their data into our analyses? (0 = item was not completed; 1 = Yes; 2 = No)
not_use_data_reason,reason for why we should not enter the participant's data into our analyses (wording of participant was adapted to maintain anonymity)
pair_index_within_sample,id of stimulus pair within sample
pair_index_across_samples,id of stimulus pair across samples
block_position,position of the block in which the stimulus pair was presented
percentage_right,percentage of people who ostensibly preferred the right stimulus of the pair (continuous variable for sociocultural norms)
sociocultural_norm,sociocultural norm the participant learned for the stimulus pair (-0.5 = majority preferred left stimulus of the pair; 0.5 = majority preferred right stimulus of the pair)
recall_correct,Did participant correctly recall the sociocultural norm for the stimulus pair? (-1 = incorrectly recalled; 0 = not recalled; 1 = correctly recalled)
personal_preference,participant's personal preference regarding the stimulus pair (1 = clear preference for left picture [value] to 8 = clear preference for right picture [value])
outcome_category,category of stimulus pair/preference (0 = Chinese characters; 1 = social values; 2 = ornaments; 3 = landscapes; 4 = artworks)
agr01,BFI-2 item number 2 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr01r,BFI item number 2 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr02,BFI item number 7/BFI-2 item number 7 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr03r,BFI item number 12/BFI-2 item number 12 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr04,BFI item number 17 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr04r,BFI-2 item number 17 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr05,BFI item number 22 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr05r,BFI-2 item number 22 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr06,BFI-2 item number 27 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr06r,BFI item number 27 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr07,BFI item number 32/BFI-2 item number 32 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr08r,BFI item number 37/BFI-2 item number 37 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr09,BFI item number 42 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr09r,BFI-2 item number 42 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr10r,BFI-2 item number 47 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
agr11,BFI-2 item number 52 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
agr12,BFI-2 item number 57 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns01,BFI item number 3 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns01r,BFI-2 item number 3 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns02r,BFI item number 8/BFI-2 item number 8 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns03,BFI item number 13/BFI-2 item number 13 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns04,BFI-2 item number 18 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns04r,BFI item number 18 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns05r,BFI item number 23/BFI-2 item number 23 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns06,BFI item number 28 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns06r,BFI-2 item number 28 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns07,BFI item number 33/BFI-2 item number 33 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns08,BFI item number 38/BFI-2 item number 38 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns09,BFI-2 item number 43 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns09r,BFI item number 43 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns10r,BFI-2 item number 48 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
cns11,BFI-2 item number 53 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
cns12r,BFI-2 item number 58 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext01,BFI item number 1/BFI-2 item number 1 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext02,BFI-2 item number 6 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext02r,BFI item number 6 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext03,BFI item number 11 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext03r,BFI-2 item number 11 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext04,BFI item number 16 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext04r,BFI-2 item number 16 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext05,BFI-2 item number 21 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext05r,BFI item number 21 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext06,BFI item number 26 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext06r,BFI-2 item number 26 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext07r,BFI item number 31/BFI-2 item number 31 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext08,BFI item number 36 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext08r,BFI-2 item number 36 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext09,BFI-2 item number 41 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext10,BFI-2 item number 46 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
ext11r,BFI-2 item number 51 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
ext12,BFI-2 item number 56 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu01,BFI item number 4 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu01r,BFI-2 item number 4 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu02r,BFI item number 9/BFI-2 item number 9 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu03,BFI item number 14/BFI-2 item number 14 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu04,BFI item number 19/BFI-2 item number 19 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu05r,BFI item number 24/BFI-2 item number 24 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu06,BFI item number 29 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu06r,BFI-2 item number 29 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu07,BFI-2 item number 34 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu07r,BFI item number 34 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu08,BFI item number 39/BFI-2 item number 39 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu09r,BFI-2 item number 44 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu10r,BFI-2 item number 49 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
neu11,BFI-2 item number 54 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
neu12,BFI-2 item number 59 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn01,BFI item number 5 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn01r,BFI-2 item number 5 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn02,BFI item number 10/BFI-2 item number 10 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn03,BFI item number 15/BFI-2 item number 15 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn04,BFI item number 20/BFI-2 item number 20 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn05,BFI item number 25 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn05r,BFI-2 item number 25 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn06,BFI item number 30 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn06r,BFI-2 item number 30 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn07r,BFI item number 35 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn07,BFI-2 item number 35 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn08,BFI item number 40/BFI-2 item number 40 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn09r,BFI item number 41/BFI-2 item number 45 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn10,BFI item number 44 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
opn10r,BFI-2 item number 50 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn11r,BFI-2 item number 55 (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
opn12,BFI-2 item number 60 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)
nfc01,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 1 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc02,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 2 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc03r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 3 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc04r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 4 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc05r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 5 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc06,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 6 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc07r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 7 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc08r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 8 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc09r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 9 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc10,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 10 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc11,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 11 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc12r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 12 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc13,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 13 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc14,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 14 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc15,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 15 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
nfc16r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 16 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc17r,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 17 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
nfc18,18-item Need for Cognition Scale item number 18 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa01,Social Attention Scale item number 1 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa02,Social Attention Scale item number 2 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa03,Social Attention Scale item number 3 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa04,Social Attention Scale item number 4 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa05,Social Attention Scale item number 5 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa06,Social Attention Scale item number 6 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa07,Social Attention Scale item number 7 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa08,Social Attention Scale item number 8 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa09,Social Attention Scale item number 9 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa10,Social Attention Scale item number 10 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa11,Social Attention Scale item number 11 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
sa12r,Social Attention Scale item number 12 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
sa13r,Social Attention Scale item number 13 (1 = describes me extremely well to 7 = does not describe me at all)
premed01,Premeditation Scale item number 1 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed02,Premeditation Scale item number 2 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed03,Premeditation Scale item number 3 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed04,Premeditation Scale item number 4 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed05,Premeditation Scale item number 5 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed06,Premeditation Scale item number 6 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed07,Premeditation Scale item number 7 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed08,Premeditation Scale item number 8 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed09,Premeditation Scale item number 9 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed10,Premeditation Scale item number 10 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
premed11,Premeditation Scale item number 11 (1 = does not describe me at all to 7 = describes me extremely well)
selfinsight_influence,"Did participant think that the preferences of the majority influenced their own preferences? (1= No; 2= Yes, my preferences shifted toward the preferences of the majority; 3 = Yes, my preferences shifted away from the preferences of the majority)"
,
References for self-report measures:,
"Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., & Paunonen, S. V. (2002). What is the central feature of Extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.83.1",
"Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306-307. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13",
"John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114-158). Guilford Press.",
"Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 117-143. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000096",
"Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7",