\@doanenote {1}
macro:->The
extended
EULIS
dataset
for
the
period
between
1979
and
2012
is
available
at
\url
{http://www.eulis.de/main.html}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {2}
macro:->More
concretely,
a
value
of
0.5
is
added
to
each
pole's
count
of
coded
quasi
sentences
before
subtracting
the
logarithms
of
each
pole
to
generate
estimates
for
parties'
policy
positions
on
a
issue-specific
scale
\citep
[132]{LoweBenoitMikhaylovLaver2011}.
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {3}
macro:->We
only
include
political
parties
that
were
covered
by
the
Manifesto
Project
and
held
seats
in
the
national
parliament
since
the
starting
year
of
our
study
(1979)
or
since
the
respective
accession
year
until
2012.
Positive
values
point
to
the
approval
and
negative
values
indicate
the
disapproval
of
European
integration.
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {4}
macro:->This
is
calculated
by
bootstrapping
each
party
manifesto
and
drawing
2,000
random
samples
from
a
multinomial
distribution.
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {5}
macro:->The
data
are
taken
from
the
online
archive
of
the
European
Commission
available
at
\url
{http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/publicopinion/index.cfm}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
As
far
as
possible,
we
use
annual
mean
values.
Unfortunately,
the
EU
membership
question
was
asked
in
only
one
of
the
two
Standard
Eurobarometer
surveys
in
2010
and
is
completely
missing
since
the
second
half-year
of
2011,
which
requires
extrapolation
until
2012.
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {6}
macro:->The
data
are
taken
from
\url
{http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/wgidataset.xlsx}.
See
the
description
of
methodology
available
at
\url
{http://www.govindicators.org}
and
\url
{http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/va.pdf}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {7}
macro:->The
data
are
taken
from
the
financial
reports
of
the
European
Union
available
at
\url
{http://ec.europa.eu/budget/library/biblio/publications/2007/fin_report/fin_report_07_en.pdf}
and
\url
{http://ec.europa.eu/budget/financialreport/2013/lib/financial_report_2013_en.pdf}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {8}
macro:->The
data
are
taken
from
the
Eurostat
database
available
at
\url
{http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&pcode=teina080&language=en}
and
(for
missing
cases)
from
the
OECD
database
available
at
\url
{https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SNA_TABLE2}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
\@endanenote 
\@doanenote {9}
macro:->The
data
are
taken
from
a
statistical
yearbook
of
the
\citet
{EuropeanCommission2000}
and
(for
recent
years)
from
the
Eurostat
database
available
at
\url
{http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?wai=true&dataset=ext_lt_intratrd}
(accessed
27
March
2017).
\@endanenote